How to Match Men’s Shoes With Different Outfits

The wrong shoes can make a good outfit feel disconnected. The right pair can make simple jeans and a shirt look polished without any extra effort.

Learning how to match men’s shoes with different outfits does not require complicated fashion rules. You only need to understand color, formality, trouser style, and the occasion.

This guide will help you confidently match sneakers, loafers, boots, dress shoes, and other footwear with the clothes in your wardrobe.

Key Takeaways

Match the formality of your shoes to the formality of your outfit.

Black shoes work best with black, charcoal, and formal clothing.

Brown shoes pair well with navy, blue, gray, beige, and olive.

White sneakers are easiest to wear with casual and relaxed smart-casual outfits.

Your belt and shoes should belong to the same general color family.

Clean, minimal footwear is more versatile than heavily decorated designs.

Straight and wide trousers usually look better with slightly heavier shoes.

Slim trousers work naturally with low-profile footwear.

Athletic shoes should usually stay with sportswear and very casual clothes.

Shoe condition and trouser length can affect your outfit as much as color.

Why Are Shoes So Important in a Man’s Outfit?

Shoes sit at the bottom of your outfit, but they often determine how the whole look feels. A pair of leather loafers can make chinos look smarter, while running shoes can make the same trousers feel more casual.

Your footwear also communicates whether you understand the setting. Clean Derby shoes may suit a business meeting, while sneakers may be better for a casual lunch.

The price or brand is not the most important factor. Your shoes should be clean, comfortable, appropriate, and visually connected to the rest of your clothes.

The Four Basic Rules for Matching Men’s Shoes

Before looking at individual shoe styles, learn these four simple rules. They will help you make better decisions with almost any outfit.

1. Match the Level of Formality

Formal clothing usually needs formal footwear. Casual clothing works best with shoes that have a relaxed shape or material.

For example:

Suit with Oxford or Derby shoes

Tailored trousers with loafers

Chinos with loafers, sneakers, or boots

Jeans with sneakers, boots, or casual leather shoes

Shorts with sneakers, loafers, sandals, or espadrilles

Sportswear with athletic shoes

You can mix formal and casual items, but the difference should not feel extreme. A business suit with colorful running shoes is difficult to balance in most situations.

2. Coordinate the Colors

Your shoes do not need to match your trousers exactly. They should create a clean contrast or belong to a compatible color group.

Brown footwear is highly versatile because it works with blue, navy, beige, olive, and many shades of gray. Black shoes are especially useful with black, charcoal, and formal outfits.

White and off-white sneakers work with almost every casual trouser color. Burgundy and dark red shoes can add interest while remaining easy to combine with navy, gray, or brown clothing.

3. Balance the Visual Weight

Visual weight refers to how heavy or light a shoe appears. Thick soles, wide shapes, and rugged materials make footwear look heavier.

Chunky sneakers and boots often work well with straight or wide trousers. Narrow loafers and low-profile sneakers usually look better with slim or gently tapered pants.

This is not a strict rule, but it creates balance. A very heavy boot under extremely narrow trousers can make your feet appear unusually large.

4. Dress for the Occasion

The same trousers can require different shoes depending on where you are going. Chinos with sneakers may work for coffee, while chinos with loafers may be better for a dinner.

Before choosing footwear, ask:

Is the event casual, professional, or formal?

Will I spend a lot of time walking?

Is the event indoors or outdoors?

What will the weather be like?

Does the venue have a dress code?

Will I need to stand for several hours?

Style matters, but comfort and practicality should also guide your choice.

How to Match Shoe Colors With Men’s Outfits

Understanding basic shoe colors makes daily dressing much easier. Start with neutral footwear before buying brighter or more unusual options.

How to Wear Black Shoes

Black shoes create a clean and formal appearance. They are a safe choice for business events, interviews, formal dinners, and evening occasions.

Black shoes work well with:

Black trousers

Charcoal trousers

Medium gray trousers

Black jeans

Navy suits

Charcoal suits

Dark blue denim

Monochrome outfits

Black leather Oxfords or Derby shoes look best with suits and formal trousers. Black loafers, boots, and sneakers can work with more relaxed clothing.

Avoid pairing highly polished black dress shoes with casual shorts or heavily faded jeans. The difference in formality may feel too strong.

How to Wear Dark Brown Shoes

Dark brown is one of the most flexible shoe colors for men. It feels polished but slightly less formal than black.

Dark brown shoes pair well with:

Navy trousers

Blue suits

Gray trousers

Beige chinos

Olive chinos

Dark jeans

Brown trousers

Cream trousers

A pair of dark brown Derby shoes can handle office outfits, weddings, dates, and dinners. Dark brown loafers are also easy to wear with chinos and tailored trousers.

Dark brown may not be the best choice for a highly formal black suit. Black footwear is usually safer in that situation.

How to Wear Tan Shoes

Tan shoes create more contrast and feel more casual than dark brown footwear. They work particularly well during the day and in warmer seasons.

Wear tan shoes with:

Navy chinos

Light blue trousers

Beige trousers

Olive chinos

White or cream pants

Medium-wash jeans

Light gray trousers

Tan loafers and brogues can add personality to a simple outfit. Keep the rest of your colors controlled so the footwear does not compete with several other bright elements.

Avoid pairing very light tan shoes with a dark formal suit at a conservative event. The strong contrast can make the outfit feel less formal.

How to Wear Burgundy Shoes

Burgundy, oxblood, and dark red footwear can replace brown when you want more character. These colors remain subtle enough for many smart-casual and business outfits.

Burgundy shoes work with:

Navy

Charcoal

Medium gray

Brown

Beige

Olive

Dark denim

Try burgundy loafers with gray trousers and a light blue shirt. You can also wear burgundy Derby shoes with a navy suit for a less traditional business look.

Keep your belt dark brown or burgundy. It does not need to match the footwear perfectly.

How to Wear White Sneakers

White sneakers are among the most versatile casual shoes for men. They work with jeans, chinos, shorts, casual suits, and some tailored trousers.

Wear white sneakers with:

Blue jeans

Black jeans

Beige chinos

Navy chinos

Olive trousers

Gray trousers

Tailored shorts

Casual suits

Choose a simple design with limited branding if you want maximum flexibility. Clean laces and soles are also essential because dirt is highly visible on white footwear.

White sneakers are not suitable for every formal or professional setting. When you are unsure, switch to loafers or Derby shoes.

How to Wear Navy Shoes

Navy footwear is less common than black or brown, but it can fit naturally into casual wardrobes. Navy sneakers, loafers, and suede shoes work particularly well.

Pair navy shoes with:

Beige chinos

Light gray trousers

White jeans

Olive chinos

Medium-wash denim

Stone shorts

Brown trousers

Be careful when wearing navy shoes with navy trousers. If the shades are almost identical but not quite the same, the combination may look accidental.

A clear contrast is usually easier. Navy loafers with beige trousers are a dependable example.

How to Wear Gray Shoes

Gray sneakers and suede shoes provide a soft alternative to black. They pair naturally with cool and neutral clothing.

Gray footwear works with:

Black jeans

Navy chinos

Blue denim

Charcoal trousers

Olive trousers

Beige chinos

White or cream trousers

Light gray sneakers are useful for casual outfits. Dark charcoal shoes can create a sharper look without the strong contrast of black.

How to Match Shoes With Jeans

Jeans are casual, but their wash and condition affect which shoes look best. Dark denim can be dressed up, while distressed or heavily faded jeans usually require casual footwear.

Dark Blue Jeans

Dark blue jeans work with:

White sneakers

Brown leather sneakers

Suede loafers

Derby shoes

Chelsea boots

Chukka boots

Work boots

For a casual outfit, combine dark jeans with a T-shirt and white sneakers. For smart casual clothing, add an Oxford shirt and brown loafers.

Make sure the jeans have a clean hem. Excess fabric gathering around your shoes can weaken the outfit.

Light Blue Jeans

Light denim has a relaxed appearance. It looks most natural with casual footwear.

Good choices include:

White sneakers

Off-white sneakers

Gray sneakers

Tan boots

Brown suede shoes

Canvas sneakers

Avoid highly polished formal shoes with very faded jeans. Suede or matte leather usually creates a smoother transition.

Black Jeans

Black jeans can support casual, smart-casual, and evening outfits. The right shoes depend on the shirt and jacket you choose.

Wear black jeans with:

Black sneakers

White sneakers

Black Chelsea boots

Dark brown boots

Burgundy Derby shoes

Gray sneakers

A black T-shirt, black jeans, and black Chelsea boots create a sharp evening outfit. White sneakers will make the same jeans feel more relaxed.

Ripped or Distressed Jeans

Distressed denim is highly casual. Pair it with sneakers, casual boots, or simple canvas shoes.

Avoid wearing ripped jeans with polished Oxfords. The two pieces communicate very different levels of formality.

How to Match Shoes With Chinos

Chinos are flexible because they sit between jeans and formal trousers. You can wear them with sneakers, loafers, Derby shoes, boots, and other casual footwear.

Beige Chinos

Beige chinos work with almost every neutral shoe color.

Try:

White sneakers for a clean casual outfit

Dark brown loafers for smart casual style

Tan brogues for a daytime event

Navy sneakers for soft contrast

Burgundy shoes for added color

Brown boots in cooler weather

Avoid footwear that is almost the exact same beige as your trousers. A little contrast will separate the pieces.

Navy Chinos

Navy chinos create a darker foundation and work well with:

White sneakers

Dark brown loafers

Tan Derby shoes

Burgundy shoes

Gray sneakers

Brown boots

Black shoes can also work, especially for evening or business outfits. Brown usually creates a warmer and more relaxed combination.

Olive Chinos

Olive trousers pair naturally with earthy and neutral footwear.

Choose:

Dark brown boots

Tan suede shoes

White sneakers

Black sneakers

Burgundy loafers

Beige canvas shoes

An olive and brown combination feels rugged and natural. White sneakers can make the outfit appear lighter and more modern.

Gray Chinos

Gray chinos are easy to wear with both warm and cool shoe colors.

Try:

Black loafers

Dark brown Derby shoes

Burgundy shoes

White sneakers

Gray sneakers

Black Chelsea boots

Use your shirt and jacket to guide the final choice. A navy blazer may work well with brown shoes, while a black overshirt may look better with black footwear.

How to Match Shoes With Tailored Trousers

Tailored trousers do not always require formal shoes. They can be worn with loafers, Derby shoes, minimal sneakers, or boots depending on the occasion.

Gray Tailored Trousers

Gray trousers work well with:

Black leather shoes

Dark brown shoes

Burgundy loafers

White leather sneakers

Black Chelsea boots

Black shoes create a traditional business look. Brown or burgundy footwear adds warmth and works well with navy jackets.

Minimal sneakers can make gray trousers feel more relaxed. Keep the sneakers clean and pair them with a polo, T-shirt, or casual blazer.

Navy Tailored Trousers

Wear navy trousers with:

Dark brown loafers

Black Derby shoes

Burgundy shoes

Tan suede loafers

White sneakers

Dark brown is one of the safest choices. It provides enough contrast without drawing too much attention.

Black Tailored Trousers

Black trousers look best with shoes that support their sharp appearance.

Good options include:

Black loafers

Black Derby shoes

Black Chelsea boots

White sneakers

Burgundy shoes

Dark gray sneakers

Black shoes create a continuous, lengthening line. White sneakers provide strong contrast and make the outfit casual.

Be cautious with light brown footwear. The contrast can look disconnected unless the outfit includes other warm colors.

Brown Tailored Trousers

Brown trousers work naturally with:

Dark brown shoes

Burgundy loafers

Beige suede shoes

White or cream sneakers

Black shoes in darker outfits

Choose a shoe shade that is clearly lighter or darker than your trousers. Wearing nearly identical browns can look like a failed attempt at matching.

How to Match Shoes With a Suit

Suit shoes should reflect the formality of the event. Business meetings, interviews, weddings, and evening events may each require a slightly different choice.

Navy Suit

A navy suit works with:

Black Oxford shoes

Dark brown Derby shoes

Burgundy leather shoes

Dark brown loafers

Minimal white sneakers for relaxed events

Black creates the most formal appearance. Dark brown offers a versatile business look, while burgundy adds controlled personality.

Only wear sneakers with a suit when the event is clearly casual or modern. Choose a clean, low-profile pair and skip the tie.

Charcoal Suit

A charcoal suit looks strongest with darker footwear.

Choose:

Black Oxford shoes

Black Derby shoes

Dark burgundy shoes

Very dark brown shoes

Black is the safest option for interviews, formal business settings, and evening events. Light tan shoes create too much contrast for many charcoal suits.

Gray Suit

Medium and light gray suits allow more flexibility.

Wear them with:

Black shoes

Dark brown shoes

Tan shoes

Burgundy shoes

White sneakers for casual settings

Use darker shoes for evening events and lighter brown shoes for daytime occasions.

Black Suit

A black suit usually looks best with black leather shoes. This combination is clean, traditional, and suitable for formal events.

Dark burgundy may work in less conservative settings, but black remains safer. Avoid tan shoes because the contrast can feel too casual.

Brown or Beige Suit

Warm-weather and casual suits can work with:

Dark brown loafers

Tan suede shoes

Burgundy shoes

White leather sneakers

Espadrilles for very relaxed settings

Match the shoe material to the suit’s character. Suede and unpolished leather suit relaxed fabrics, while smooth leather looks sharper.

How to Match Shoes With Shorts

Shorts require casual footwear. Formal Oxfords or polished Derby shoes are usually too dressy.

Good shoes for shorts include:

White sneakers

Canvas sneakers

Loafers

Boat shoes

Espadrilles

Clean leather sandals

Casual slip-ons

Tailored shorts with loafers can create a polished summer outfit. Athletic shorts should stay with running shoes, trainers, or sporty sandals.

Avoid wearing visible long dress socks with shorts. Use low socks or invisible liners when appropriate, but make sure your footwear remains comfortable and hygienic.

How to Match Shoes With a T-Shirt Outfit

A T-shirt creates a casual base, so your shoes should usually stay casual or smart casual. The trousers and jacket will determine how dressy you can go.

T-Shirt and Jeans

Wear this combination with:

White sneakers

Canvas shoes

Casual boots

Chelsea boots

Suede loafers

Minimal leather sneakers

A plain T-shirt supports smarter footwear more easily than a large graphic shirt.

T-Shirt and Chinos

Try:

Minimal sneakers

Suede loafers

Chukka boots

Casual Derby shoes

Slip-on sneakers

Adding an overshirt or casual blazer can make loafers and Derby shoes feel more connected to the outfit.

T-Shirt and Tailored Trousers

Choose:

White leather sneakers

Black minimal sneakers

Suede loafers

Clean Chelsea boots

A medium-weight T-shirt with a clean neckline works best. Avoid combining thin undershirts with formal trousers.

How to Match Shoes With a Button-Down Shirt

A button-down shirt can work with almost every common men’s shoe style. The trousers and whether you tuck in the shirt will guide the choice.

An Oxford shirt with jeans works well with sneakers, boots, or suede shoes. The same shirt tucked into tailored trousers looks better with loafers or Derby shoes.

Use these combinations:

Oxford shirt, dark jeans, and brown boots

White shirt, gray trousers, and black Derby shoes

Light blue shirt, beige chinos, and brown loafers

Striped shirt, navy chinos, and white sneakers

Denim shirt, olive chinos, and tan boots

If you roll your sleeves and leave the shirt untucked, casual shoes will usually feel more natural.

How to Match Shoes With a Polo Shirt

Polo shirts sit between T-shirts and button-down shirts. They work well with sneakers, loafers, suede shoes, and some boots.

Try these outfit formulas:

Navy polo, beige chinos, and white sneakers

White polo, navy trousers, and brown loafers

Olive polo, gray chinos, and dark brown Derby shoes

Knitted polo, tailored trousers, and suede loafers

Black polo, black jeans, and Chelsea boots

Pay attention to the polo’s fabric. A knitted polo usually supports smarter shoes, while a sporty performance polo pairs better with casual sneakers.

How to Match Shoes With a Blazer

A blazer raises the formality of an outfit, but it does not always require dress shoes. The shirt and trousers will determine your footwear.

Blazer With Jeans

Choose:

Brown loafers

Suede Derby shoes

Chelsea boots

Minimal sneakers

Chukka boots

Avoid highly polished Oxfords with distressed jeans. A matte or textured shoe creates a smoother balance.

Blazer With Chinos

Wear:

Loafers

Derby shoes

Brogues

Minimal leather sneakers

Chelsea boots

This combination is flexible enough for dates, casual offices, and dinner events.

Blazer With Tailored Trousers

Choose loafers, Derby shoes, or Oxfords for a polished look. Minimal sneakers can work when the blazer has a relaxed shape and the event is casual.

How to Wear Different Types of Men’s Shoes

Each shoe style has its own level of formality. Understanding that level will help you pair it with the right clothing.

Oxford Shoes

Oxfords are among the most formal men’s shoes. Their clean construction works best with suits and tailored business clothing.

Wear Oxfords with:

Navy suit

Charcoal suit

Black suit

Formal gray trousers

Dress shirt and blazer

Avoid wearing polished Oxfords with shorts, joggers, or distressed denim. They usually appear too formal for those clothes.

Derby Shoes

Derby shoes are slightly more flexible than Oxfords. They can work with suits, tailored trousers, chinos, and dark jeans.

Brown or suede Derby shoes are particularly useful for smart casual outfits. Black leather versions are better for formal and business clothing.

Loafers

Loafers can move between casual and smart outfits. The material and design affect how formal they appear.

Wear loafers with:

Chinos

Tailored trousers

Dark jeans

Casual suits

Polos

Oxford shirts

Tailored shorts

Smooth black leather looks sharper, while brown suede feels more relaxed. Avoid wearing thin formal socks with shorts.

Brogues

Brogues are shoes with decorative perforations. More decoration usually makes the shoe feel less formal.

Wear them with:

Chinos

Tailored trousers

Tweed or textured suits

Dark denim

Corduroy trousers

Brown brogues are especially useful for autumn and smart casual outfits. Highly decorated versions may be too casual for formal evening events.

Chelsea Boots

Chelsea boots have a clean shape and can work with jeans, trousers, and suits. Black leather feels sharp, while brown suede feels more relaxed.

Wear Chelsea boots with:

Black jeans

Dark blue denim

Tailored trousers

Chinos

Casual suits

Overcoats

Make sure your trousers fall over the top of the boot without heavy gathering.

Chukka Boots

Chukka boots are casual ankle boots that often come in suede or soft leather. They pair naturally with jeans and chinos.

Good combinations include:

Dark jeans and brown suede chukkas

Beige chinos and dark brown chukkas

Olive trousers and tan chukkas

Gray chinos and burgundy chukkas

Chukka boots are usually too relaxed for highly formal suits. They work best in casual and smart-casual settings.

Work Boots

Work boots have a rugged shape and heavier construction. They look best with denim, corduroy, cargo trousers, and workwear-inspired clothing.

Pair them with:

Straight-leg jeans

Flannel shirts

Chore jackets

Heavy overshirts

Casual knitwear

Avoid combining bulky work boots with formal trousers or slim suit pants.

Minimal Sneakers

Minimal sneakers have a simple shape and limited branding. They are among the easiest shoes to wear with modern casual outfits.

Use them with:

Jeans

Chinos

Tailored trousers

Casual suits

Shorts

Overshirts

Polos

Keep them clean if you want to wear them in smart-casual settings.

Athletic Sneakers

Running and training shoes are designed for movement. They work best with gym clothing, joggers, sweatshirts, technical jackets, and very casual outfits.

Some retro athletic sneakers can work with jeans or relaxed trousers. Balance them with clothing that shares a similarly casual or sporty character.

Avoid wearing technical running shoes with business trousers or formal suits unless the setting clearly supports experimental styling.

Sandals

Simple leather sandals can work with warm-weather casual outfits. Wear them with linen trousers, tailored shorts, camp-collar shirts, and lightweight T-shirts.

Avoid plastic flip-flops outside beaches, pools, and highly casual environments. Keep your feet clean and well-groomed when wearing open footwear.

Should Your Belt Match Your Shoes?

Your belt and shoes should usually belong to the same general color family in formal and business outfits. Black shoes work with a black belt, while brown shoes call for a brown belt.

They do not need to be an exact color match. A dark brown belt can work with medium brown shoes if the difference is not distracting.

Casual outfits allow more flexibility. Canvas belts, woven belts, and sneakers do not require precise matching.

If you wear white sneakers, match your belt to your trousers or another leather item. You do not need a white belt.

How Should Trousers Sit on Different Shoes?

Trouser length can change how your shoes look. The hem should complement the height and shape of your footwear.

With Dress Shoes

A slight break or clean no-break hem usually works well. Avoid excessive fabric covering the shoe.

With Sneakers

Straight trousers can rest lightly on the shoe. Cropped or ankle-length trousers may also work when the shorter length appears deliberate.

With Boots

The trouser opening should sit over the boot or meet it cleanly. Avoid forcing narrow trousers over bulky boot shafts.

With Loafers

A clean, shorter hem can display the shoe’s shape. Your socks should still cover your legs when you sit unless you are intentionally using invisible liners.

Common Shoe-Matching Mistakes

Wearing Formal Shoes With Very Casual Clothes

Polished Oxfords rarely look natural with ripped jeans, graphic T-shirts, or shorts. Choose sneakers, loafers, or casual boots instead.

Wearing Running Shoes Everywhere

Athletic shoes are comfortable, but they can make smart outfits feel unfinished. Keep a pair of minimal sneakers or loafers for restaurants, dates, and social events.

Matching Colors Too Closely

Your shoes do not need to be the exact shade of your trousers. Clear contrast often looks better than two colors that almost match.

Ignoring Shoe Condition

Dirty sneakers and cracked leather can weaken even a well-planned outfit. Clean your shoes regularly and repair small problems early.

Choosing the Wrong Shoe Shape

Bulky shoes under narrow trousers can look unbalanced. Slim shoes may disappear beneath very wide trousers.

Consider the width and shape of both pieces.

Forgetting About Comfort

Painful shoes can affect your posture and confidence. Choose the correct size and test new footwear indoors before wearing it to a long event.

A Simple Men’s Shoe Wardrobe

You do not need dozens of pairs. A small, carefully chosen collection can handle most situations.

Start with:

Clean white or neutral sneakers

Dark brown loafers or Derby shoes

Black formal shoes

Brown casual boots

Athletic shoes for exercise

Weather-appropriate footwear

If your lifestyle is very casual, buy the sneakers first. If you wear suits regularly, prioritize black or dark brown leather shoes.

Frequently Asked Questions

What color shoes go with most men’s outfits?

Dark brown shoes are among the most versatile because they work with navy, blue, gray, beige, olive, and denim. White sneakers are equally flexible for casual clothing.

Black shoes are essential for black, charcoal, and formal outfits.

Can men wear brown shoes with black trousers?

Dark brown or burgundy shoes may work with black trousers in some smart-casual outfits, but black shoes are easier and more dependable. Light tan shoes usually create too much contrast.

If you choose brown, include another warm brown element such as a belt, jacket, or watch strap.

What shoes should men wear with blue jeans?

Blue jeans work well with white sneakers, brown boots, suede loafers, Derby shoes, Chelsea boots, and canvas shoes. Dark denim can support smarter footwear than heavily faded denim.

Choose the shoe according to your shirt, jacket, and destination.

Should shoes be darker than trousers?

Shoes do not always need to be darker, but darker footwear often creates a polished appearance. Light sneakers and tan shoes can provide useful contrast with darker trousers.

The formality and color balance of the full outfit matter more than this single rule.

Can men wear black shoes with navy trousers?

Yes. Black shoes can work with navy trousers and navy suits, especially in business or evening settings.

Dark brown shoes create a warmer appearance, while black footwear looks more formal.

Do white sneakers go with black jeans?

Yes. White sneakers create a clean contrast with black jeans and work well with white, gray, black, navy, or colored shirts.

Make sure the sneakers are clean because the strong contrast draws attention to them.

What shoes should men wear with chinos?

Chinos work with loafers, Derby shoes, brogues, Chelsea boots, chukka boots, and minimal sneakers. Your choice should reflect the occasion.

Wear sneakers for casual plans, loafers for smart-casual events, and Derby shoes for professional settings.

Can you wear sneakers with a suit?

Minimal sneakers can work with a casual or softly tailored suit at relaxed events. Choose a clean, low-profile design and wear the suit without a tie.

For interviews, traditional offices, weddings, and formal events, leather dress shoes are safer.

Does a man’s belt have to match his shoes?

For formal and business outfits, the belt and shoes should belong to the same color family. Black shoes call for a black belt, while brown shoes work with a brown belt.

Casual clothing allows more flexibility, especially when wearing sneakers.

How many pairs of shoes does a man need?

Most men can cover their basic needs with four to six pairs. A practical collection includes casual sneakers, athletic shoes, brown smart shoes, black formal shoes, and weather-appropriate boots.

Choose the exact number according to your workplace, climate, and daily activities.